Greaves: Forgotten God?

Greaves: Forgotten God?

There are some football players that transcend the game. Jimmy Greaves was one of these players. Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi are the footballing Gods of today, but it will absolutely not do to forget the football Gods of yesterday. It is almost scandalous to not have the name ‘Jimmy Greaves’ in conversations about the greatest attacking players of all time. It is our duty as football fans to remember and remind ourselves of the heroes of old.

Jimmy Greaves scored 386 goals in 566 appearances. 220 of these goals were for Tottenham Hotspur, for which he played 321 games. To any statistically inclined football fan, this will immediately stand out as an outrageously good record. But for those who are, forgivably, not so inclined, here are what those statistics mean:

Player	Club Appearances	Club Goals
Jimmy Greaves	566	386
Alan Shearer	559	283
Gary Lineker	460	238
Kenny Dalglish	559	230
George Best	586	207
Kevin Keegan	592	204
Michael Owen	362	163

You will notice here that Greaves scored more goals in his time at Tottenham than Owen, Keegan and Best did in their entire careers. An outstanding achievement. What is also important is the number of appearances Jimmy Greaves had – 566. Evidently longer than some of his future counterparts, but not so long as to expect a goal return such as his.  

Chelsea being Greave’s first club, he made his first team debut at the age of seventeen. He invariably scored. By 1961, Jimmy Greaves had become the youngest player to score 100 goals in England’s top division. He was 21. The equivalent record for the current Premier League is held by Michael Owen, who reached 100 goals at 23 years and 133 days. 1961 is also the year his career truly took off. While a respected goal scorer for Chelsea and then AC Milan, Greaves had not yet hit stardom. Greaves later revealed in an interview Moving to Milan was a mistake because of his ‘inability to settle down’.¹ Despite this restlessness, Greaves managed to bag nine goals in 14 games. Tottenham Hotspur, under the management of Bill Nicholson, bought Jimmy Greaves for £99,999 from Milan. This was done so Greaves did not feel the pressure of being the first £100,000 player. This does demonstrate the value Greaves commanded before his career had reached its peak. It also signifies the start of the decade in which Greaves would achieve a God-like status. 

In his first game for Tottenham he turned out for their reserves against Plymouth Argyle, scoring 5 goals in front of a bumper crowd of 13,000 fans. This was a sign of things to come, but not before the transfer was cleared by the league registration office. Because he had transferred from Italy, and the very specific transfer fee, the move was investigated.² Fortunately, on December 15, The Times reported Greaves had been given the all-clear. They wrote ‘let us hope that this will be the last headline of a wretched and prolonged affair’ and ‘all he (Greaves) has to do now…is to score his usual goal for his new friends’.³ On his league debut for Tottenham, Greaves faced off against Blackpool. In a 5-2 victory, Greaves netted a hat-trick. Typical, eh?

Greaves was a revelation for Tottenham. Scoring week in week out, it came as a shock when he was left out of England’s World Cup team in the 1966 World Cup. This was for several reasons. The first was Greaves suffered a sports hernia in the group stages, allowing Geoff Hurst to play and play well, scoring in the group stages. There was also the matter of Greave’s relationship with the England manager Alf Ramsey, which was tenuous at best.⁴ Despite being in the squad only the starting players were awarded a World Cup winners medal, and Greaves had to wait until 2009 to receive his. Greave’s real success came at club level. For Tottenham Hotspur, Greave’s had far too many high points to cover all of them but there are two that stand out. The first is Tottenham’s capture of the FA cup against Burnley in May 1962. It was expected to be a tightly fought affair, with Burnley second in the league and Tottenham the holders of the trophy. The press anticipated ‘a connoisseurs match’, due to the tactical competency of both sides, and even entertained the possibility of it being ‘the best FA Cup Final we have seen’.⁵ Although The Times predicted a Spurs win, the nation’s imaginations were captured by the match up. Some 100,000 fans attended the game, along with the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh.⁶ The game finished 3-1 to Tottenham, helped by a Greaves goal only three minutes in. The game itself was very entertaining, giving the fans ‘everything they hoped’, according to a press release two days later.⁷ It was also reported that ‘as the crowd roared its salute and the voice of North London rose in triumph, we knew that this was England’.⁸ In the same article, attention was quickly turned to Tottenham’s game in the Cup Winners Cup final, against Atletico Madrid.

The second high point of Greave’s days at Spurs came at Rotterdam in the European Cup Winners Cup Final, in which the England side were not the favourites. Justifiably so, as Atletico were a tremendous side at this point. So good in fact, Jimmy Greaves has since commented on how nervous the usually stoic Bill Nicholson was before the game.⁹ To the nation’s surprise, the result was 5-1 to Tottenham. They won ‘against all portents’, reported The Times, and Jimmy Greaves was key.¹⁰ After hitting the post and looking lively in the first ten minutes, the first goal of the game was scored by Tottenham’s talisman Greaves. He then got his second to make it 4-1 in the 80^th minute. The game was a spectacle of attacking talent, with our man as the centrepiece. This secured Tottenham’s claim to be the first British team to bring home a major European championship, and cemented Greaves’s place in English football history.

Greaves carried on his goal scoring form until his retirement. It is a huge mistake for Jimmy Greaves never to be awarded with personal rewards, marred by his unfortunate lack of playing time in the 1966 World Cup. There were not many players around in the twentieth century that could unite the nation’s football fans playing for his club, but Jimmy Greaves did. We should not judge players solely on their international success, or lack of. Club football requires far more consistency. It is worth imagining what Greave’s legacy would have been should he had been in Hurst’s place in the World Cup final. It is safe to say this piece, trying to ensure he is not forgotten, would not have had to be written.

By Kian Aspinall

Endnotes

   

   1-      Moore, Brian. ‘Jimmy Greaves Story’. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRjs7AX3GXk (accessed July 3 2020)  

   2-      ‘League Clear Greaves’. The Times, 15 December. 1961.

   3-      The Times, 15 December. 1961.

   4-      Dave Bowler, Winning isn’t Everything: A biography of Sir Alf Ramsey. (Orion: London) p.96

   5-      ‘Spurs Better Fitted to Defy Wembley Twists’. The Times, 5 May. 1962.

   6-      The Times, 5 May. 1962.

   7-      ‘Sophisticated Spurs Still Maturing’. The Times, 7 May. 1962.

   8-      The Times, 7 May. 1962.

   9-      Moore, Brian. ‘Jimmy Greaves Story’.

  10-   ‘Spurs Recapture Their Glories of Old’. The Times, 16 May. 1963.

Spectres of Nazism and The Battle of Trafalgar Square

Spectres of Nazism and The Battle of Trafalgar Square

Fascism and Nazism was very much alive in sixties Britain. Despite countless social, cultural and political progressions they had not died in 1945. There were several organisations on the far right in Britain during this period, so it is strange there is an absence of historical studies into these extremist groups.[1] Accepting that Nazism has not perished and subsequently obtaining the ability to recognise British Nazism is vital if we are to guard against it. 

It is generally accepted that of these extremist groups the most dangerous and blatant was the National Socialist Movement (NSM).[2] Open Hitler worship, a transnational approach and media coverage gave this group far more significance than its numbers suggest it deserves. Reports on the group’s membership vary, some stating it held less than 100 members at its peak.³ It is briefly worth noting that numbers do not reveal the scope of Nazi or Fascist presence in a society, as Martin Pugh demonstrates in Hurrah for the Blackshirts.⁴ The leader of the NSM was Colin Jordan, a persistent figure on the extreme right of British politics during the 20^th century and was well known for his passionate admiration of Hitler. Before World War Two broke out, a conflict Jordan interestingly fought in, he visited Germany as a schoolboy in 1937. Stating in an interview in his later years, Jordan could not help a feeling of ‘euphoria’, ‘joyfulness’ and ‘excitement for the future’ during his stay in Nazi Germany.⁵ It will come to you as no surprise then, that when National Socialism was once again the subject of tabloids, Colin Jordan was leading the Nazi charge. An NSM rally in Trafalgar Square on July 1^st, 1962 marks what Paul Jackson labels a ‘watershed’ in the group’s history.⁶ It also neatly demonstrates Nazism had not totally vanished in 1945, as is sometimes assumed. The rally itself ended up descending into chaos. The Times extensively covered the rally recording some 2000 protesters, with sympathisers of the NSM looking rather uncomfortable.⁷ Jordan espoused openly racist rhetoric at the meeting, claiming ‘Hitler was right’ and that ‘we should have been fighting the world Jewry’ instead of Nazi Germany in World War Two.⁸ NSM banners read ‘Free Britain From Jewish Control’.⁹ The situation quickly spiralled out of control when the police formed a protective cordon around the Nazi speakers. This cordon was swiftly broken. Retreating to their suitably damaged getaway vehicles the speakers escaped, and as they fled would have seen their banner burned by protesters – a satisfying image and end to The Battle of Trafalgar Square.

What is the importance of this rally? Its relevancy stands as a warning. In a decade where countless progressions were made, the spectre of anti-modernism remained, its manifestation found in Nazi groups such as the NSM. It is not uncommon for Fascism or Nazism to be viewed as epochal, confined to a certain period and no longer possible. Unsurprisingly, this has become a hotly debated topic within History and other disciplines. Ernst Nolte famously took this position in Three Faces of Fascism, first published in English 1966.¹⁰ Articulately placing ‘fascism in its epoch’, it is difficult to overstate impact Nolte’s work had and still has on the historical study of Fascism. However, rallies such as the one discussed here should keep us vigilant to the recurring spectres of Nazism, or there will be many more battles to come.

By Kian Aspinall

     1-‘The Transnational Reaction to1968: Neo-Fascist Fronts and Political Cultures in France and Italy, The Journal of Contemporary History, Vol.17, No.2 (2008), pp. 213-236 (p.214)

    2-  Richard Thurlow, Fascism in Britain: From Oswald Mosley’s Blackshirts to the National Front (London: I.B Tauris & Co Ltd, 2009) p.231

   3- Paul Jackson, Colin Jordan and Britain’s Neo-Nazi Movement: Hitler’s Echo (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016) p. 121

    4-  Martin Pugh, ‘Hurrah for the Blackshirts’ Fascists and Fascism in Britain Between the Wars (London: Jonathon Cape, 2005) p. 24

    5- Jordan, Colin. ‘Colin Jordan Interviewed by British Movement’. Bit Chute. https://www.bitchute.com/video/UqLB2ObY1HqX/. (Accessed July 3, 2020)

   6-  Paul Jackson, Colin Jordan and Britain’s Neo-Nazi Movement. p.118

    7-  ’20 Arrested in Clashes: National Socialist Leaders Mobbed’, The Times, 2 July. 1962.

    8-  Richard Thurlow, Fascism in Britain. p. 236

   9-   ‘”Nazi” Rally Prosecutions Considered’, The Times, 4 July. 1962.

         10- Ernst Nolte, Three Faces of Fascism: Action Francaise, Italian Fascism, and National Socialism, trans. Leila Vennewitz (New York: Holt, Rineheart and Winston, 1966), p. 421-422