Tuesday, 29 November 2016

An Issue no amount of civil rights can change

An issue no amount of Civil Rights can change
It would be incorrect to suggest the Civil Rights movement of the 1950’s and 60’s failed to change the lives of African Americans. On the contrary, the courage of activists gained black citizens legal rights and an equal place in American society. This legacy inspires movements globally to this day. Nevertheless, its core aims of achieving total equality is far from a reality. It could even be said that discrimination is part of human nature and will always exist. This is something the Civil Rights movement will never be able to change.
On May 17th 1954 it was ruled indefinitely that segregated schools were unconstitutional. What followed was a decade of unprecedented achievement in legislative rights for African Americans. Two civil rights acts were passed in 1957 and 1964 respectively. The latter of which eradicated segregation in public places and in employment. The 24th Amendment of the same year outlawed taxing on voting for African Americans[1]. These are all major legal successes for black citizens. In 1963 230,000 protestors took to the streets to show solidarity. Sympathy to the notion of racial equality was growing. Clearly the movement had started the road to change. But just how much could it change?
It is necessary to highlight the limitations that belong to these changes. It could be argued African Americans legal equality was theoretical. It would be naive to believe that Black Americans were instantly treated with the equality and respect legislation promised. Despite desegregation in schools being national law, Arkansas State attempted to block nine students entering. Resistance to their entry became so large that hundreds of national guards escorted the students in. Similarly, in 1963 four black children were killed in the Birmingham Church bombing. 1964 saw violent riots in Harlem, Chicago, Rochester and Philadelphia. A year Later 34 were killed after an eruption in Wyatt. The two central leaders of the movement were assassinated. Malcolm X in 65’ and Dr King three years later[2]. Instances of progression were countered by these examples of people’s refusal to accept races as equal.
Progression has been made due to civil rights activism. African Americans are no longer subjected to living segregated. Due to the United States constitution every man has equal rights. However, simply because the law states total equality, does not make it the reality. To this day statistics show that on average Black citizens will have a poorer quality of life compared to white. 32.8% of Black American children are living in poverty according to the University of Michigan[3]. Despite legally having the same opportunity, in regards to economic and education African Americans simply do not. Although not accepted in society, discrimination is still prevalent. Looking at recent events exemplifies this. The media is constantly filled with reports of unlawful police brutality towards black males. Disturbances in Baltimore, Chicago, and San Diego are eerily reminiscent of the 60’s. Statistics potentially support the genuine belief that there is institutionalised discrimination within certain sectors of the establishment such as the police force. Police killings of African Americans outnumber those of white by some distance. The reality is that racial violence is still instigated by communities within the United States. Despite the best efforts of any civil rights movement races have continued to clash rather than live in complete harmony. This was the ultimate goal set out by the movement. It would not be too far to suggest that instead discrimination of colour and creed is rooted within the psyche of some humans. No amount of victories on paper will be able to eradicate this issue unanimously


[1] Meany, James, ‘The Civil Rights movement in America’, 1989, Princeton University press, pgs 99-105
[2] Skher, Richard, ‘Unfinished Business: Civil Rights movement’, 2006, University of Kentucky pres, pgs 68-69
[3] Univeristy of Michigans ‘National Poverty Centre’, http://www.npc.umich.edu

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